Misalignment of the tube-part film relationship results in:

Misalignment of the tube-part film relationship primarily leads to shape distortion. This occurs when the x-ray beam is not perpendicular to the anatomical area being imaged or the film itself. When the x-ray beam is misaligned, it can result in the elongation or foreshortening of structures, causing the image to reflect an inaccurate representation of their true shape.

This concept is crucial in radiography, as achieving correct alignment is essential for producing diagnostically useful images. Understanding the principles behind tube-part film alignment helps ensure accurate imaging and proper interpretation of radiographic results.

While size distortion, magnification, and penumbra relate to various aspects of imaging, such as the object-to-image distance and focal spot size, they are not the primary consequences of misalignment in the tube-part film relationship.